Standart Operational Procedur

IBM’s Shareholders

SAPA # 0809: IBM is an example of a fully corporatized corporation that has proven its existence across centuries. Perfectly corporatized means there are no more controlling shareholders (ownership> 50%). Directors’ decisions can not be driven by any party. Pure director decisions based on business considerations proofed by performance. The existence of a cross-century through …

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IBM’s Innovation and Patent Rights

SAPA # 0807: In pre-corporatization, technological findings are conducted by individuals. Emerge the names of inventors such as Edison, Rontgen, Otto, Diesel etc. But now times have changed. The findings and technological innovations are carried out by large companies with assets and large capital expenditures owned by millions of people through the stock exchange. Like …

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